Git Stash & Reset

# Stash current changes
git stash

# Stash with a message
git stash push -m "WIP: login form"

# List stashes
git stash list

# Apply most recent stash (keep in stash list)
git stash apply

# Apply and remove from stash list
git stash pop

# Apply a specific stash
git stash apply stash@{2}

# Drop a stash
git stash drop stash@{0}

# Clear all stashes
git stash clear

# Soft reset — undo commit, keep changes staged
git reset --soft HEAD~1

# Mixed reset (default) — undo commit, unstage changes
git reset HEAD~1

# Hard reset — undo commit AND discard changes
# WARNING: This permanently deletes uncommitted work
git reset --hard HEAD~1

# Reset a specific file from staging
git restore --staged filename.js

# Discard changes in working directory
git restore filename.js

# Revert a specific commit (creates a new undo commit)
git revert abc1234

# Revert without auto-committing
git revert --no-commit abc1234

# When to use revert vs reset:
# revert — safe for shared branches (main, develop)
# reset  — OK for local branches not yet pushed