Try-Catch and Custom Exceptions
C++ uses try-catch blocks for exception handling. You can throw any type, but standard and custom exception classes are preferred.
Example
#include <stdexcept>
// Throwing and catching
try {
int age = -5;
if (age < 0) {
throw invalid_argument("Age cannot be negative");
}
} catch (const invalid_argument& e) {
cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << endl;
} catch (const exception& e) {
cerr << "General error: " << e.what() << endl;
} catch (...) {
cerr << "Unknown error" << endl;
}
// Custom exception class
class InsufficientFunds : public runtime_error {
public:
InsufficientFunds(double needed)
: runtime_error("Need $" + to_string(needed) + " more") {}
};
void withdraw(double amount, double balance) {
if (amount > balance) {
throw InsufficientFunds(amount - balance);
}
}