Class 12 Physics

Coulomb's law, electric field lines, and Gauss's law for symmetric charge distributions.

Potential and potential energy, equipotential surfaces, and capacitors in series and parallel.

Ohm's law, resistivity, Kirchhoff's rules, and the Wheatstone bridge.

The Biot-Savart law, Ampere's circuital law, and the force on a moving charge in a magnetic field.

The bar magnet as a dipole, Earth’s magnetism, and para-, dia- and ferromagnetic materials.

Faraday's and Lenz's laws, motional EMF, and self and mutual inductance.

AC circuits with R, L and C, phasors, resonance, and the transformer.

The displacement current, and the electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to gamma rays.

Reflection and refraction, lenses and mirrors, and the microscope and telescope.

Huygens's principle, interference, Young's double-slit experiment, and diffraction.

The photoelectric effect, photons, and the de Broglie wavelength of matter.

Rutherford's model and Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, and atomic spectra.

Nuclear size and mass, binding energy, radioactivity, and nuclear fission and fusion.

p-n junction diodes, rectifiers, and the basics of transistors and logic gates.